Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in women. It is believed that 1 in 10 American women have PCOS and it can affect girls as young as 12. The term refers to the presence of tiny cysts or little sacs in the ovaries that are not necessarily harmful. It is imperative to note that not everyone with PCOS has these cysts. A blood test is usually done to determine whether you have PCOS or not. The hormone levels and the blood sugar levels will largely indicate the presence or absence of PCOS. In many cases, pelvic ultrasound is done to rule out cysts in ovaries and also to determine how thick the lining is in the uterus. Besides, the ovaries will also be 1.5 to 3 times larger than normal if you have PCOS. The doctors also conduct a pelvic exam (visual exam) by feeling the vaginal area, rectal area, and cervix to check for anything unusual. Body mass index is also largely taken as an indication for PCOS.

However, even before doing any of the tests above, your doctors would want to understand the symptoms from you. It is only based on the symptom that the treatment plan will be fixed. Hence, make a note of these symptoms because it is most likely that you will be questioned on them. Some of the commonly occurring symptoms are:

• Hair loss: Those with PCOS will witness thinning of hair on their heads which will progressively get worse as they reach middle age.
• Hair growth in unwanted areas: This condition is called hirsutism where the woman develops hair growth in areas like the face or below the chin, stomach, shoulder, and ears.
• Weight gain: Those with PCOS not only gain weight but have a lot of trouble losing it
• Acne: They tend to have oily skin due to hormonal imbalance which in turn causes a lot of acne issues.
• Insomnia: Women with PCOS tend to have trouble falling asleep. There are chances that they may develop sleep apnea or similar conditions.
• Headaches: Due to the changes in hormone levels, headaches are quite common. Those with migraine issues will have a tough time with frequent episodes of sudden headaches.
• Infertility: One of the leading causes of infertility in PCOS. However, this can be efficiently managed through a proper treatment procedure.
• Irregular periods: There is a tendency to have irregular periods or not get your menstruation cycle for months together or even have severe bleeding during your period. Due to the weight gain and pressing of the uterus muscle — those with PCOS might experience excruciating pain during their menstruation.

While there are medicines that your doctors will prescribe to you for effecting management of PCOS, there are several things that are within our control which we can be consistent at:

• Eat at regular intervals and in small portions. Be mindful of what you eat as your body will not be able to deal with junk food properly.
• Exercise every day for at least 30 minutes. Keep yourself active even during work. Take a break and walk for just 2–3 minutes every hour.
• Sleep well and on time.
• Stay well-hydrated.