Gingivitis, periodontitis or pyorrhea is the result of bacteria, plaque and calculus infecting the different supporting structures of the tooth, like the gum, outer layer of the roots, jaw bones and the ligament that holds the teeth.

The bacteria are gram-negative and anaerobic and are commonly found in the mouth. They feed on the leftover food and form plaque. This infection can be totally prevented if one removes the plaque and leftover food in the mouth. All it takes is brushing for full two minutes with fluoride toothpaste twice a day and flossing with the appropriate instruments.

As per a recent report of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the incidence of gingivitis is as high as 47.2% in the age group above 30 years and 70.1% among people above 65. Females seem to be less susceptible than males. Also, those living below the poverty line are more prone to this condition.

There are certain predisposing factors that can cause gingivitis, like genetics, smoking, chewing tobacco, pregnancy, diabetes, and certain medicine like chemo, anti-epilepsy drugs, calcium channel blockers, steroids, oral contraceptives, and hard-to-clean crooked teeth. The initial symptoms are gums that bleed easily and inflamed tender and swollen gums. At this stage, the disease is easily reversed. Visiting the dentist, taking the required treatment, and brushing twice a day can help significantly. In the initial stages, the disease is painless and often goes unnoticed. It is best to maintain good oral hygiene and go for regular dental checkups.

Normally the initial treatment is nonsurgical and consists of removing the plaque and tartar deposits under the gum line. This is done by a procedure called root surface instrumentation. The deposits under the gum line are removed mechanically with specialized curettes. This may involve a couple of visits to the dentist and the use of local anesthesia.

Other requirements like bite adjustment, where the surfaces that retain plaque are removed. Root planning is another procedure that removes plaque, calculus and the softened dentine from the tooth root surfaces, leaving a smooth surface.

However, if the deep pockets are not cleaned regularly, it could lead to the relapse of the infection. It has been studied that certain treatments are ineffective; but gum grafting, laser treatment, regenerative procedures, dental crown lengthening, dental implants, pocket reduction procedures, and plastic surgeries could help.

It is essential to maintain a regimen after the treatment. Additionally, regular check-ups and thorough professional cleaning can ensure that there is no reintroduction of infection. Remember, your teeth are invaluable; maintaining and preventing them from bacteria is essential for your overall health and confidence.