Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is also known as a peripheral vascular disease. It is a disorder that occurs in the arteries where the blood vessels outside of the heart narrow down. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen from the heart to all other parts of the body. Generally, most people with PAD mistake their symptoms for other conditions or do not have any symptoms. Painful muscle constraints in the hips or thighs while walking, climbing stairs, or exercising is the most common symptom of PAD. Other common symptoms of PAD are: Claudication or muscle pain in the lower limb while walking or climbing stairs Leg pain that does not go away even after one stops exercising The lower leg or foot may feel chilled Color changes of the skin (redness or pale skin) Increased occurrence of infections Sores on the legs, toes, or feet that do not heal quickly Numbness and weak pulse in the legs Gangrene (dead tissue caused by an infection or lack of blood flow) in the toes The goal of treatment for peripheral artery disease is to manage the symptoms and slow down the progression of atherosclerosis throughout the body. The treatments that will help in reducing the risk of complications associated with PAD are:

The immune system is quite remarkable as it helps fight against various disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and fungi. However, sometimes, these organisms can affect the body with or without any signs or symptoms. It could also happen due to ineffective protection provided by a weakened immune system. Scientists have studied the immune system and its workings closely. Studies have found that the immune system is adaptable and can create chemical substances or antibodies that can effectively destroy these organisms. Since each bacterium, virus, or fungi has its own special characteristics, the immune system will have to be provided with active immunity against such diseases. A vaccine is one such method through which one can efficiently fight against various disease-causing organisms. Vaccines are most often dead or very weak strains of the actual disease-causing organism. This is enough to trigger the immune system to find the appropriate substance that can identify the foreign body, attach itself to the foreign body, and destroy it. Medical science has understood that chemical substances, like proteins in foreign organisms, are key to their power to cause certain diseases. If stimulated appropriately, the immune system can create appropriate substances to neutralize these dangerous substances. The human body is quite complex and our complete understanding of its workings may take many more years of research.

Treatment for pancreatic cancer is based on the stage of cancer, the age, and overall health of the patient. The treatment involves chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of these treatment options. If the cancer is in the advanced stages, and if the doctors feel that these methods will not benefit or improve the quality of life of the patient, they will recommend palliative care. Some patients choose to be part of clinical trials and volunteer to be treated with targeted therapy, vaccines, immunotherapy, or even chemotherapy medications that are still under development. Whatever be the treatment protocol adopted, there are many expected side effects during recovery, like: Diarrhea or constipation Nausea or vomiting Loss of appetite Change in the taste of food (food will taste metallic) Hair loss Fatigue Pain Lowering of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelet counts Tingling in the hands and feet Rashes, redness, and irritation in skin Additionally, problems like loss of sleep, emotional upheavals and constant thoughts about cancer are typical in a patient. Managing the side effects of treatment Changes in bowel movements can be managed with medication and appropriate diet. Symptoms like rashes will be treated with topical creams.

Thanks to orthodontic science, it has given us a variety of options to correct our teeth issues. Medical science is always evolving with new innovations and one of the innovations with orthodontic medical techniques is the application of clear aligners . These are the kind of aligners used to correct your tooth structure to straighten them and to correct your over, under or crossbite. The most striking feature of  clear aligners is that they are virtually invisible or clear so the patients who are using clear aligners will not feel awkward with its usage. Herein, we discuss the benefits of the use of  clear aligners to correct your bite. Clear aligners provide you with the important benefit of invisibility of the device. They are clear or virtually invisible and no one will be able to notice them easily, even if directly facing toward you. As compared to clear aligners , metal braces can cause a feeling of embarrassment. Another benefit of  clear aligners is that they can be removed easily and they will reduce your food restrictions to allow you to enjoy any type of food you like. Metal braces are not removable in traditional techniques and it becomes difficult to enjoy all kinds of foodstuff with metal braces.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, better known as COPD, is an inflammatory lung disease that affects millions of people worldwide. A COPD patient experiences trouble breathing due to obstructed airflow to the lungs. The main forms of COPD include chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The most common cause is cigarette smoking, but other causes include long-term exposure to irritating gases. People with this disorder are more at risk of developing lung cancer and heart disease. People with symptoms of COPD should consult their physician without hesitation. The most common early warning signs of COPD include: 1. Shortness of breath Shortness of breath is often considered a sign of being tired by most people, but with COPD, the difficulty breathing is constant and does not go completely away. A proper diagnosis by a doctor will determine the reason for the shortness of breath. 2. Chronic cough Chronic cough with excess mucus is one of the main symptoms of COPD that gets progressively worse over time. This can be misinterpreted by people as just a cold, but not getting treatment can result is a severe case of COPD or other health issues. 3. Wheezing Wheezing is another symptom of this lung disease. Often times, the symptoms of COPD do not occur until after there has already been significant lung damage.